• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System of equitable distribution of rainwater in houses of apartments that allows to collect and filter the rainwater, which selects the first dirty rainwater and discards it taking it to the deposit (34) where it is stored. The clean rainwater enters the equitable distribution system of the water flow (2) thanks to a distributor (35) and the regulating projections of the water flow (16) from its inside towards the distribution holes (18) located in one end of the distributor (35) to the rainwater storage system of each floor (3), where it is stored in an individual tank (36) for consumption in the home. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2618371A1
    申请号:ES201531828
    申请日:2015-12-17
    公开日:2017-06-21
    发明作者:Joan PAGÈS FERRÉS；Joaquim Lloveras Macià；Albert LLOVERAS MONSERRAT
    申请人:Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya UPC；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    RAINWATER EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN FLAT HOUSES
    5
    OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
    This system is designed to capture rainwater, filter it and select only clean water, and then distribute it equally to individual water tanks.
    10 each floor, for domestic use as non-potable water, such as the washing machine, shower, irrigation or washing of the house.
    This system allows you to select the first rainwater, which is usually the dirtiest as a result of the removal of dirt from the collection surfaces, which is
    15 discarded, so it enters clean into the equitable distribution system to be finally distributed to the storage system.
    This system works without the help of electricity or other energy sources, taking advantage of the force of gravity only.
    The present invention relates to the sectors of the art known as: Fixed constructions; water supplies; water evacuation; facilities or procedures to obtain, collect or distribute water; procedures or facilities to obtain or collect drinking water or running water; from rainwater; (E03B 3/02).
    25 Fixed constructions; water supplies; water evacuation; facilities or procedures to obtain, collect or distribute water; procedures or facilities to obtain or collect drinking water or running water; from rainwater; Special containers for collecting or storing rainwater in view of its use
    30 domestic; (E03B 03/03).
    STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE
    Rainwater has always been a water resource for human survival, made
    35 demonstrating the large number of civilizations that have developed water collection and storage systems.
    There are a large number of water storage systems, which in the vast majority of cases are one or several reservoirs. There are also some selection systems for the
    40 first rainwater, which is usually the dirtiest since it carries particles. On the other hand, there are few systems that can ensure that they distribute water equally to each of the individual storage tanks.
    The present invention is different and does not affect the invention ES2416581A2, and provides
    45 advantages to the inventions CZ22752U1 and CN103195131A, with respect to the selection of the first dirty rainwater and the equitable distribution of clean rainwater to each of the different individual storage tanks that make up the system.
    The invention CZ22752U1 cannot ensure the equitable distribution of water to the tanks
    50 located at different levels of the building, receiving more water deposits that are closer to the point of entry of water.
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    The invention CN103195131A begins by filling only the first tank of the system, and does not fill the second tank until the first one is not completely filled, and so on, so that it does not make an equitable distribution of the collected rainwater.
    EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
    A) Brief description of the invention
    The system of equitable distribution of rainwater consists of 4 parts: a system for collecting and filtering rainwater (4), a system for discarding the first rainwater (1), a system for equitable distribution of the flow of clean rainwater (2) and a rainwater storage system for each floor (3).
    The rainwater collection and filtration system (4) is responsible for collecting rainwater from the collection surface through a sump normally one or more centered on the roof, and filters it through a grid (5 ), which is intended to eliminate larger sheets and objects. The collected water is conducted through a pipe (6) to the first rainwater discard system (2), where the first dirty water is collected in a reservoir (34), which is initially empty.
    When the reservoir of the first water (34) is full, a buoy (28) closes the passage of the water and is automatically led to the equitable distribution system of the clean rainwater flow (2), where through some projections Flow regulators (16) are stabilized and directed towards the distribution holes (18) of the distributor (35). The water is overflowing in the different flow regulating projections (16) evenly, which allows it to be distributed equally to the distribution holes (18), which lead it to the rainwater storage system of each floor (3).
    Once the water reaches the different individual tanks (36) of the system, it is already available for use in each home.
    B) Detailed description of the invention
    The solutions listed above are detailed below. The system of equitable distribution of rainwater consists of 4 parts: a system for collecting and filtering rainwater (4), a system for discarding the first rainwater (1), a system for equitable distribution of the flow of clean rainwater (2) and a rainwater storage system for each floor (3).
    The system is designed so that each house in a building has an individual water storage system (3), so that the houses would share a rainwater collection and filtration system (4), a system for discarding the first water (1) and an equitable distribution system for the flow of clean rainwater (2).
    The first element of the rainwater equitable distribution system is the rainwater collection and filtration system (4), which has the main function of collecting rainwater from the catchment surface, such as the roof or the roof of any building. Through a sink, provided with a practicable grid (5), rainwater is collected from the collection surface. The grid (5) has the function of performing a first water filtration, to prevent the entry of leaves or other particles in the system circuit. The rainwater collection and filtration system (4) is still a sink like that found in most buildings, located on rooftops or rooftops.
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    When it starts to rain, and especially after a period of drought, the first water is usually quite dirty, due to the accumulation of dust and dirt on the collection surface, so it is necessary to avoid collecting the first liters of water. As long as the inlet valve (10) of the inlet pipe (9) to the first rainwater discard system (1) is open, the collected water will go to the first rainwater tank (34) . On the contrary, if the shut-off valve (10) is closed, the water that is collected is automatically directed to the sewer through a pipe (8).
    The length of the pipe (9) depends exclusively on the distance between the collection and filtration system (4) and the discard system (1).
    Initially the first water tank (34) is empty, so when it starts to rain it stores the first dirty rainwater. As soon as the tank (34) reaches its maximum capacity, the buoy (28) installed in the inlet (29) of water to the tank
    (3. 4)  It closes automatically and presses the access to the inlet mouth (29) through the water itself, blocking the entrance (29) of more rainwater to the tank (34). The capacity of the tank (34) will vary depending on the available collection area.
    The discard system of the first rainwater (1) is slowly drained through a dropper (13), which is equipped with a filter (12) to prevent clogging of sludge water or accumulated dirt at the bottom of the deposit (34). For regular cleaning of the tank (34), the discard system (1) has a registration cover
    (eleven)  on the upper surface of the tank (34).
    If the reservoir of the first water (34) was full and it started to rain, it would indicate that it has rained a short time ago, so the catchment surface would be clean and it would not be necessary to discard the first rainwater, since to be dirty
    With the first water tank (34) full, the rainwater that continues to collect the system advances through a pipe (14) to the equitable distribution system of the clean rainwater flow (2).
    When entering the water with turbulence inside the clean water distributor (35), through the water inlet (30), an elbow or a baffle can be available that by its position either throwing the water towards the adjoining wall of the Distributor drawer (35) or towards the first projection (16) can help distribute the water that then collides with the water flow regulating projection (16), distributed along it and overflowing over it, going down the base of the drawer until the next projection (16) is found, so that after the final projection (16) the water flow is evenly distributed. Said projections (16) can have a longitudinal and rectilinear shape, or also be arched and with a straight or curved profile, although they must always maintain the horizontality of the upper edge where the water overflows. After the last highlight (16) the water is directed equally through some marks (31) or slight slits in the base of the distribution drawer (35) to lead it to each of the distribution holes (18) that go individually to the system of rainwater storage of each floor (3) through a downpipe (19). Also instead of marks (31) they could be small projections in the form of a dividing wall that delimit equal areas that arrive for each orifice (18) of distribution. These small dividing walls would start with zero height from the base of the last shoulder (16) and would gain height by maintaining the horizontality of its upper edge until joining the wall of the distributor drawer (35) adjacent to the distribution holes (18).
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    In the event that the water inside the distributor (35) accumulates, because the individual tanks (36) are completely full or the flow valves (20) of each downpipe (19) are closed, there is a overflow (17) in the upper corner of the distributor (35) that would lead the water to the sewer.
    Originally, the shape of the distributor (35) in the plan is of the trapezoidal type, but it could be rectangular in shape or even have the trapezoidal shapes upside down than what is drawn in Figure 1, that is, the wider part of the holes (18 ) of distribution than the water inlet part (30), since in this way more orifices (18) could be arranged, or what is the same, more individual tanks (36).
    In each downpipe (19) connecting a distribution port (18) with an individual water storage tank (36), a flow valve (20) is installed before the inlet (21) to each tank (36).
    Water enters (21) into the rainwater storage system of each floor (3) and is stored progressively in each individual tank (36), where it remains until it is used for consumption. To prevent accumulation and facilitate the advance of water through the water outlet (23), individual tanks (36) may have a slope (25) at their base. Each tank (36) is equipped with an air outlet (33) provided with an aeration valve (22), which lets out the accumulated air inside the tank (36), preventing water from escaping when the tank (36 ) is completely full.
    The capacity of the individual deposits (36) of each dwelling will vary depending on the rainfall in the geographical area where the system of equitable distribution of rainwater is installed in apartment houses and the calculated percentage of utilization over the expected consumption.
    Just after the water outlet (23) of each individual tank (36) is a three-way valve (24), which according to its position lets the water pass through the duct (27) into the interior of the house, by the conduit (26) to the sewer or blocks the water outlet of the individual tank (36). Said three-way valve (24) could be replaced by two bypass valves located in the pipeline (26) and another in the pipeline (27).
    If, when it rained, a tank (36) was completely filled, the water would fill the tube (19) and overflow it through its corresponding distribution hole (18) and not accept more water in said tank (36), with which the water would be distributed to the other deposits (36). If all the tanks (26) were full, the water would flow through the overflow (17) to the drain.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    Figure 1 shows the entire system of equitable distribution of rainwater in apartment houses, consisting of a system for collecting and filtering rainwater (4), a system for discarding the first rainwater ( 1), an equitable distribution system for the flow of clean rainwater (2) and a rainwater storage system for each floor (3). Figure 1 shows the connections between the different systems, such as the pipe (9) and its passage valve (10), the pipe (14), the downpipe (19) and its flow valve (20), the drain pipe (26) and the pipe to the house (27), with its three-way valve (24).
    Figure 2 represents an interior section of the elevation view of the first rainwater discard system (1), consisting of a reservoir (34) where the first dirty rainwater and its registration cover (11) are stored. for cleaning the accumulated sludge, a water inlet (29), a buoy (28) and a dropper (13) with its filter (12).
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    Figure 3 represents a plan view of the discard system of the first rainwater (1), where the inlet mouth (29) of water to the reservoir (34) and its registration cover (11) are observed.
    Figure 4 represents an interior section of the elevation view of the equitable distribution system of the clean rainwater flow (2), where the water inlet (30) to the distributor (35), the flow regulating projections ( 16) that stabilize it to the distribution holes (18), a log cover (15) and an overflow (17) that leads the water to the sewer.
    Figure 5 represents a plan view of the interior of the distributor (35), where the distribution holes (18) and their marks (31) that help the circulation of water to said holes (18), the inlet are seen in greater detail of water (30) to the distributor (35), the flow regulating projections (16) and the flow regulation zones (32) where the water accumulates until the projections overflow (16).
    Figure 6 represents a plan view of the equitable distribution system of the clean rainwater flow (2), where the log cover (15), the overflow (17) that leads the water to the sewer and the entrance of water (30) inside the distributor (35).
    Figure 7 represents an interior section of the elevation view of the rainwater storage system of each floor (3), where the water inlet (21) to the individual tank (36), the air outlet (33) ) and the aeration valve (22), the water outlet (23) towards the consumption of the house and the slope (25) of the lower base of the tank (36).
    Figure 8 represents a plan view of the storage system (3), showing the individual tank (36), the water inlet (21) and the aeration valve (22).
    An example of the system of equitable distribution of rainwater in apartment houses in a block of flats of two houses per plant is shown in Figure 9. Two independent collection systems (4), two independent disposal systems (1), two independent equitable distribution systems (2) and ten independent storage systems (3), one in each house of the building are appreciated.
    DETAILED EXHIBITION OF AN EMBODIMENT
    Without being limiting, a specific embodiment of the present invention, shown in Figure 1, is set forth below. The rainwater collection and filtration system (4) contains a practicable grid (5) that prevents passage of leaves or other objects towards the system of equitable distribution of rainwater in apartment houses.
    There is a pipe (9) that joins the collection and filtration system (4) and the first rainwater discard system (1). Said pipe (9) has a flow valve (10) installed which, if closed, blocks the water inlet, bypassing it entirely through a pipe (8) to the drain.
    When the stop valve (10) is open, the water advances to the discard system (1), where the first rainwater is stored in a reservoir (34), since it is usually the dirtiest and it is convenient to discard it. Once the tank (34) is full, the buoy (28) is pushed from the bottom by the water itself inside the tank (34), until it ends up blocking the inlet mouth (29) of water to the tank (34), located at one end of the tank (34). Right now the rainwater that keeps coming in
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    the system is already cleaner, so it is automatically directed through a pipe (14) to the equitable distribution system of the clean rainwater flow (2).
    After a while after raining, the tank (34) slowly empties through a dropper (13) with filter (12), located at the opposite end of the inlet (29), and a few centimeters high the base of the tank (34), to prevent it from clogging with the sludge accumulated in the base of the tank (34).
    The first water tank (34) has a rectangular cover (11) for cleaning the accumulated sludge inside the tank (34). The volume of this tank (34) in liters is equal to the nominal value of the area of the catchment surface, since said volume of water is considered to be dirty. The registration cover (11) closes tightly to prevent water from the tank (34) from leaving another point than the dropper (13) installed.
    The equitable distribution system (2) is composed of a distributor drawer (35), provided with a trapezoidal log cover (15), with a water inlet (30) at one of its ends by the top, of an overflow (17) on the side of the opposite end and for a total of 5 distribution holes (18) corresponding to the 5 floors that the system serves and that are at the same end as the overflow (17), but in the distributor base (35). The registration cover (15) of the dispenser drawer (35) is airtight to prevent water accumulated in the dispenser drawer (35) from being lost.
    The sectional area of the entrance (30) to the distributor drawer (35) is identical to the sectional area of the overflow (17). Likewise, the sum of the sectional areas of the 5 holes (18) is the same as the area of the entrance (30) to the distributor (35).
    In the lower base of the distributor (35) there are 4 flow regulating projections (16) of about 5 cm of uniform height. Said projections (16) stabilize the water, which accumulates in the flow regulation zones (32) just before each projection (16), until the water overflows the last projection (16) and reaches the holes (18) . The flow regulating projections (16) are longitudinal and rectilinear and maintain the horizontality of the upper edge where the water overflows. As can be seen in figure 4, the distributor (35) has a slope in the lower base of approximately 5%, until said slope is increased up to 8% in the area of the marks (31) just before arriving to the holes (18) of distribution.
    Figure 5 shows in greater detail the 5 distribution holes (18) and their marks
    (31) that help the circulation of water to said holes (18). The marks (31) on the base of the distributor (35) are indentations ranging from the last shoulder (16) to each of the 5 holes (18). In figure 5 it is also appreciated that the planar shape of the distributor (35) is of the trapezoidal type, the end being wider where the water enters (30) than the opposite end where there are the 5 orifices (18) of distribution and the overflow (17).
    After the water is distributed equally in each of the 5 holes (18) of the distributor (35), the water is directed through the 5 downspouts (19) connected one in each hole (18), each tube provided (19) of a bypass valve (20), towards the storage system (3). Said downpipes (19) are of different lengths, since the storage systems (3) are at different altitudes, depending on the floor on which each building dwelling is, as shown in Figure 9.
    Water enters (21) into the storage system (3) through the end of the upper base of each individual tank (36). All tanks (36) have an air outlet (33) with an aeration valve (22) that only lets out the accumulated air inside the


    tanks (36) and a water outlet (23) towards the consumption of the house, located on the side of the opposite end where the water enters (21) to the tank (36).
    As can be seen in Figure 7, the individual tanks (36) have a slope (25) on their bottom base of 2%, to facilitate the advance of the last water towards the outlet (23). Said deposits (36) are of a substantially rectangular shape.
    Just after the outlet (23) of each tank (36) a three-way valve (24) is installed, which according to the position in which the water outlet (23) of the tanks is blocked
    10 individual (36), blocks the pipeline (26) to the drain and allows water to enter the house through another pipeline (27), or blocks the pipeline (27) of water entry to the house and allows the water to go to the drain through the other pipe (26).
    Figure 9 shows an example of a symmetrical installation of two systems of
    15 equitable distribution of rainwater in houses of flats in a block of flats of 5 floors and 2 houses per plant, with a total of 10 housing, so that each of the two systems of equitable distribution will supply rainwater to 5 households. Each home has its rainwater storage system (3), while homes that share the same catchment area also share a single system of
    20 collection and filtration of rainwater (4), a single system for discarding the first rainwater (1) and a single system for the equitable distribution of the flow of clean rainwater (2). So there are 5 distribution holes (18) in each of the 2 distribution drawers (35) and therefore a total of 10 storage systems (3), that is, one per home.
    25

    权利要求:
    Claims (6)
    [1]
    1. System of equitable distribution of rainwater in apartment houses, consisting of tanks, pipes, filters, registers, buoys, aerators, stop valves and
    5 drippers, characterized by being a set of systems formed by the system ofrainwater collection and filtration (4), a discard system (1) of the first water ofrain, an equitable distribution system (2) of the clean rainwater flow, and astorage system (3) of this water in individual tanks per floor (36).
    2. An equitable distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rainwater collection and filtration system (4) has a practicable grid (5), a downpipe and a valve (10) that opens or closes the passage to the pipe (8) that goes to the sewer or through a conduit (14) to the equitable distribution system (2).
    3. An equitable distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the first rainwater discard system (1) consists of a reservoir of the first rainwater (34) having a buoy (28) in the inlet mouth (29), a trapdoor (11) for registering the tank (34) and a drainage system.
    The equitable distribution system according to claim 3, characterized in that the drain system of the first water tank (34) is a dripper (13) that empties the tank (34) gradually and is provided with a filter (12) located inside the tank of the first water (34) that prevents clogging of the dropper
    (13) by the sludge retained in the deposit (34).
    25
    [5]
    5. Equitable distribution system, according to claim 1, characterized in that the equitable distribution system (2) is a distributor of clean rainwater (35) which is a kind of drawer that seen in plan its walls form a trapezoid or a rectangle, and that seen from profile in elevation has its lower base in slope, and that
    30 said drawer has a rainwater inlet (30), in addition at its base it has water flow regulating projections (16) and some marks (31) and at its lower end there are the water distribution holes (18) which each of them connects, through a downpipe (19), to each individual tank (36).
    6. An equitable distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that the inlet (30) of rainwater ends up inside the drawer in an elbow or in a deflector that allows the inlet water to be launched in a direction that facilitates its distribution before to reach the first highlight (16).
    7. An equitable distribution system, according to claim 5, characterized in that the, or the, projections (16) each have their upper edge in the same horizontal, where the water overflows and can be longitudinally straight or curved Likewise, the profile of its cross section can be straight or curved.
    8. An equitable distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that the water from the clean water distributor (35) after overflowing through the last shoulder (16) is conducted through marks (31) in the lower base towards the distribution holes (18).
    9. An equitable distribution system, according to claim 5, characterized in that the water from the clean water distributor (35) after overflowing by the last shoulder (16) is conducted between small narrow separation walls, which starting at the level of the base of the last projection (16) grows in height while maintaining its edge

    above the horizontal level, evenly separating the surfaces that lead to the different distribution holes (18), reaching up to join the drawer wall.
    [10]
    10. Equitable distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that the
    5 distributor of clean water (35) has an overflow (17) that conducts water to thesewerage system.
    [11]
    11. An equitable distribution system according to claim 5, characterized in that the clean water distributor (35) has a registration opening (15) in the upper cover.
    10
    [12]
    12. Equitable distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the conduit (19) leaving each distribution orifice (18) to the individual tanks (36) has a passage valve or closing device (20) installed.
    13. An equitable distribution system according to claim 1, characterized in that the rainwater storage system of each floor (3) consists of an individual tank (36) which is provided with an inlet (21) and an outlet ( 23) of water and an air outlet (33) with an aeration valve (22).
    14. An equitable distribution system according to claim 13, characterized in that the individual tanks (36) have a slight slope (25) at their lower base which leads the water to the outlet (23).
    [15]
    15. Equitable distribution system according to claim 13, characterized in that the
    25 outlet (23) of the individual tanks (36) there is a three-way valve (24) that closes the outlet (26) to the drain and lets the water pass through the tube (27) towards the consumption, or closes the tube (27) for consumption and opens the passage of water to the tube (26) to the drain, or completely closes the outlet (23) of the tanks (36).
    30

     Figure 1 

     Figure 2 
     Figure 3 

     Figure 4 
     Figure 5 

     Figure 6 

     Figure 7 
     Figure 8 

    4 12 214
    Figure 9
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    引用文献:
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    DE29609853U1|1996-06-04|1996-12-05|Schlott Erich|Flat panel rainwater collector and treatment and distribution system with collector position on flat and / or pitched roof surfaces|
    GB2321926A|1997-01-15|1998-08-12|Stephen John Payne|Water storage apparatus|
    US20080128030A1|2006-12-05|2008-06-05|David Lewis|Systems and methods for the collection, retention and redistribution of rainwater and methods of construction of the same|
    KR20110138937A|2010-06-22|2011-12-28|주식회사 케이앤엠이엔지|Rainwater use device of the way mounted to the wall|
    CZ22752U1|2011-03-15|2011-10-03|Škach@Jaroslav|Installation system of collecting and further use of rainwater|
    WO2014208903A1|2013-06-25|2014-12-31|Gwak Byung Yeol|Non-motorized apparatus for removing predetermined amount of initial rainwater|
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